天(tian)津加工(gong)中心(xin)適合各類零件(jian)的加工(gong)，常(chang)加工(gong)材質有鋁(lv)(lv)件(jian)、鐵件(jian)和(he)鋼件(jian)，由于鋁(lv)(lv)件(jian)零件(jian)材料熱(re)膨脹系數較大，薄壁加工(gong)進程(cheng)中很簡略變形(xing)(xing)。針對削減加工(gong)進程(cheng)中鋁(lv)(lv)件(jian)變形(xing)(xing)采納下列辦法(fa)。

1、加工變形的原因

鋁件(jian)零(ling)件(jian)加工變(bian)形的原因許(xu)多，與材質(zhi)、零(ling)件(jian)形狀、出產條件(jian)等都有聯(lian)系。首要有以下幾(ji)個(ge)方面(mian)：毛坯(pi)內(nei)應力(li)引起的變(bian)形，切削(xue)力(li)、切削(xue)熱引起的變(bian)形，夾緊力(li)引起的變(bian)形。

加(jia)工中心如(ru)何加(jia)工薄壁工件？

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2、削減(jian)加工(gong)變形的工(gong)藝辦法(fa)

下降毛坯(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)內應(ying)力(li)，選用自(zi)然或人工時效(xiao)以(yi)(yi)及振蕩處理，均(jun)可(ke)部分消(xiao)除毛坯(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)內應(ying)力(li)。預先加(jia)(jia)工也是(shi)卓有成效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)工藝辦法。對肥頭大(da)耳的(de)(de)(de)毛坯(pi)(pi)，由于余量大(da)，故加(jia)(jia)工后變形也大(da)。若(ruo)預先加(jia)(jia)工掉(diao)毛坯(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)剩余部分，縮小各部分的(de)(de)(de)余量，不只可(ke)以(yi)(yi)削(xue)減今后工序的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工變形，并且預先加(jia)(jia)工后放置(zhi)一段時間(jian)，還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)開(kai)釋(shi)一部分內應(ying)力(li)。

關于薄壁襯套類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)，假如(ru)用(yong)三爪自定心(xin)(xin)卡盤或繃簧夾頭從徑向夾緊(jin)(jin)，加工(gong)后(hou)一(yi)旦松開，工(gong)件(jian)必(bi)然發生變形。此(ci)時(shi)，應該(gai)運用(yong)剛性較好的(de)軸向端面壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)的(de)辦(ban)法。以零(ling)(ling)件(jian)內孔(kong)定位，克己一(yi)個帶螺紋的(de)穿心(xin)(xin)軸，套入零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)內孔(kong)，其上用(yong)一(yi)個蓋板壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)端面再用(yong)螺帽背緊(jin)(jin)。加工(gong)外圓時(shi)就可防止夾緊(jin)(jin)變形，從而滿(man)意的(de)加工(gong)精度。

對薄(bo)壁薄(bo)板工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)進行加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，選用(yong)真(zhen)空(kong)吸盤(pan)，以(yi)獲(huo)得散布均(jun)勻的(de)夾(jia)緊力，再(zai)以(yi)較小(xiao)的(de)切(qie)削(xue)用(yong)量來加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)很好地防止工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)變(bian)形(xing)。另外，還可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)運用(yong)填塞(sai)法。為增加(jia)(jia)薄(bo)壁工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝剛性，可(ke)(ke)(ke)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)內部填充介質，以(yi)削(xue)減裝夾(jia)和(he)切(qie)削(xue)進程(cheng)中(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)達(da)變(bian)形(xing)。例如，向工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)內灌入含3%～6%硝酸鉀的(de)尿素熔融(rong)物，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)今后(hou)，將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)浸入水或酒(jiu)精中(zhong)，就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)該填充物溶解倒出。

合理安(an)排工(gong)(gong)序(xu)。高(gao)速切(qie)(qie)削(xue)時，由(you)于加(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量大以及斷續切(qie)(qie)削(xue)，因而銑(xian)削(xue)進(jin)程(cheng)往往發生振蕩，影(ying)響加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度和外(wai)表粗糙度。所(suo)以，數(shu)控(kong)高(gao)速切(qie)(qie)削(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝進(jin)程(cheng)一般可分(fen)為;粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)-半精(jing)(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)-清(qing)角(jiao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)-精(jing)(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)等工(gong)(gong)序(xu)。關(guan)于精(jing)(jing)度要(yao)求高(gao)的零件，有時需求進(jin)行二次半精(jing)(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，然(ran)后再進(jin)行精(jing)(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。