五軸(zhou)(zhou)聯動數控加(jia)工技術是20世紀70年代末在歐(ou)美(mei)數控機械(xie)加(jia)工領域出現的新興技術,五軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)工技術和(he)機床長(chang)期受制于國外。近年來，****國產高速加(jia)工中心(xin)自(zi)主(zhu)開發(fa)的新產品取得了突破。本文就簡單介(jie)紹(shao)一下五軸(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)門加(jia)工中心(xin)介(jie)紹(shao)及其和(he)三(san)軸(zhou)(zhou),四軸(zhou)(zhou)的區別：

什么是五軸(zhou)龍門加(jia)工中心

五軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)門(men)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心其(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)理是在原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)數控機床X、Y、Z三(san)個直線(xian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)聯動的(de)基礎上(shang)，增加(jia)(jia)A/C兩個旋轉軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，從而使(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)頭獲得(de)分別(bie)以X、Z軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)兩個直線(xian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)為軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)旋轉(或擺動)的(de)A/C軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)兩個自由度;上(shang)述的(de)五個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)在數控系統控制下(xia)實(shi)現五軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)聯動，在加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中就可(ke)以使(shi)刀(dao)具始終(zhong)垂直于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面，實(shi)現所謂的(de)“法向加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)”。因此，特(te)別(bie)適(shi)合于(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)表面形狀特(te)別(bie)復雜(za)、但同(tong)時又****以機加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong) 精度的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件。

四軸加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心與三(san)軸加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心

五軸聯動(dong)數控機床分為電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸式和機械主(zhu)(zhu)軸式兩大類。主(zhu)(zhu)要應用(yong)于航(hang)空航(hang)天等行業(ye)的(de)鋁合金、鈦合金等輕質(zhi)材料零(ling)件(jian)的(de)高速加工。

一(yi)般工件在空間未(wei)定位時，有(you)(you)六(liu)個(ge)(ge)自(zi)由度(du)，XYZ三(san)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)性位移自(zi)由度(du)和與(yu)其(qi)對應的啊(a)ABC三(san)個(ge)(ge)旋轉位移自(zi)由度(du)。六(liu)個(ge)(ge)自(zi)由度(du)通常用(yong)笛卡爾直角(jiao)坐標系的XYZ來表達三(san)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)性軸(zhou)，用(yong)與(yu)其(qi)對應的ABC來表達三(san)個(ge)(ge)旋轉軸(zhou)。諸如(ru)多軸(zhou)數控機床(chuang)，也(ye)就是(shi)加(jia)工中(zhong)心在設計時，需要根據加(jia)工對象規劃設置軸(zhou)數。市(shi)面比較常見的是(shi)三(san)軸(zhou)數控加(jia)工中(zhong)心，其(qi)具有(you)(you)XYZ三(san)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)性位移軸(zhou)。

五(wu)軸(zhou)(zhou)和三軸(zhou)(zhou),四軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)區別

所謂(wei)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)般是加了一(yi)個旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)，通常稱為第四(si)(si)軸(zhou)。相應的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)就(jiu)是四(si)(si)軸(zhou)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(三軸(zhou)).有效的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)面僅為工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)頂面，龍(long)門(men)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)借助回轉(zhuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺(tai)，也只能完(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)四(si)(si)面加工(gong)(gong)(gong)。目(mu)前 的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)正朝著五軸(zhou)控制的(de)(de)方向發展，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件一(yi)次裝夾就(jiu)可(ke)完(wan)成五面體的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)。如配置上五軸(zhou)聯動的(de)(de) 數控系(xi)統，還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)對復雜的(de)(de)空間(jian)曲面進行(xing)高精(jing)度加工(gong)(gong)(gong)。